政府,否则基督教将灭绝,人类也将毁灭。
第二章.上帝山巅之城中艰难的宪政实践
第十五节.美国政府不断侵蚀着教会的权利
相前阅读链接
6.新教必须团结起来对抗世俗政府,否则基督教将灭绝,人类也将毁灭。
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在殖民地的初期,由于民事长官也是虔诚的清教徒,而且还是建造上帝山巅之城的推动者,民事长官是可以介入宗教事务的,清教徒反对任何权威,一盘散沙的致命缺陷也就没有表现出来。可是发展下去却是另外一种情形,政教逐渐完全分离,美国社会也逐渐世俗化,许多民事长官并不是个基督徒,甚至是敌基督者,他不可能也不愿介入宗教事务,协调教会的冲突,解决教会的内部矛盾,于是一盘散沙的致命性就显示出来。由于没有权威的宗教会议,从清教中衍生出来的,浸信会、公理会等美国本土教派,只能通过一次次分裂,来解决教义、组织上的争端。无止境的分裂纷争使人心烦意乱,教会也永无安宁,甚至形成了这样一句美国谚语,“如同浸信会一般争吵”,于是人们渴望回归一种在权威下宁静的生活。对于这些,弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中深刻地指出,人们逃避自由,是因为已经厌倦了自由,人们感到自由给生活带来的好处,已经小于附带的烦扰。这也解释了天主教今天在美国蓬勃兴旺的原因,天主教为人们提供了一种权威,一种宁静的生活方式,而这些恰恰是任何新教派别所没有的。天主教会至今仍然坚持教皇圣喻无错论,也许很多人不解,可是教皇圣喻无错确实维护了教皇的权威,同样也维护了天主教世界的安宁。当然我个人认为教皇圣喻无错是极其荒唐的,可是人们最终还是不得不选择这种荒唐,只能说是一种极端无奈的行为,因为在路德之后新教的几百年实践中,人们一直无法在新教会中找到宁静与平和。为什么会这样呢?因为根据新教的教义,没有红衣主教、大主教、主教这样的等级制,也没有教皇这样的权力中心,确实很难形成权威,而且由于鼓励思想自由、良心自由,必然带来对《圣经》的不同理解,各种教义、组织上的争执,新教只能是无限地分裂。得出这样的结论确实无比的悲哀,可是这些已经是既成事实,谁也无法回避,只能去面对克服,总不能让基督教世界统一于天主教、教皇等级制。以我个人对圣经的理解,对天主教的等级制深不以为然,也不认同尘世的基督教,存在一个最高权威——教皇,任何一个所谓的最高权威都是危险的,因为无论任何人,人性都是贪婪堕落的,给予一个凡人最高的权威,将使世界处于极大的危险中。我认为新教独立、自由、平等的理念,才是人类的本质,也是人类的最终方向,我并不清楚耶稣会不会重返地球、完成大审判,但是我相信,人人平等、自由自在、幸福快乐地的生活,应该是人类社会的最终目标,而且我也相信,人类越趋近这个最终目标,重返天堂的可能性也就越大,因为越接近这个目标,人类也就越接近完成在地球上的炼狱。
可如何使各个新教派团结统一起来呢?根据人类的经验,能够让分散的新教派别,团结起来的方法只有一个,对抗共同的敌人——美国政府。如同圣经中的民长时期一般,只有当外敌入侵的时候,才能激发出民长这种领袖型的人物,带领大家团结一心战胜入侵者。各新教派别共同的敌人——美国政府,它不断地侵犯教会的传统领域、教会权利,也只有为了对抗这个共同敌人,才可能使各个新教派重新团结起来,而且也必须团结起来,产生一个个富有感染力、凝聚力的领袖,形成一个组织,一个对抗美国政府的权力中心,我们暂且称它为新教联合会。通过这个新教联合会,通过与美国政府这个共同敌人的战斗,重新凝结分散的兄弟之爱、兄弟之情,使新教会团结起来,而且永远地团结起来,美国政府永远都将存在,所以新教会与美国政府的抗争,也将永远存在。只有在共同的敌人面前,才可能尽量减少大家之间的纷争、争吵,能够使大家尽量取得共识,尽量有宁静、平和的生活,也尽量使社会更加美好。
同时这个新教联合会不应以讨论教义为目的,教义的讨论使共识永远无法形成,只能造成分裂,尘世中的我们,对圣经的理解只能以盲人摸象来形容,带着原罪、残缺的人类不可能完全理解,圣经的微言大义,我们如同盲人摸象一般,只能理解圣经的局部,所以新教联合会应当严禁讨论教义,它的目的应该很明确,就是抗争、战斗,就是夺回原本属于教会的权利,将美国政府的功能限制在最小的范围内,不仅仅为了基督新教会,更为了美国社会长期的稳定繁荣。新教联合会可以组织开展各种长期的活动,通过各种学术研讨会、法律途径、合法的集会、游行、布道、演讲等等,维护宪法的权威,捍卫宗教自由。抗争的最主要依据就是,以历史事实来解释宪法,捍卫宪法第一修正案赋予的宗教自由,而不是目前普遍的,以空洞、抽象的理性来解释宪法,这种做法实际上是在捏造、伪造宪法,宪法是建立在历史事实基础上的,所以必须以历史事实来解释,而不是以空洞抽象的理性来捏造伪造,这是极具理性、说服力的作法,相信经过长期的抗争,一定可以得到美国社会大多数人的支持。
在具体目标上,新教联合会无论如何必须使基督教会,重新获得监督美国政府的权力,这是基督教会其他权利能否得到保障的基础,同时必须取得婚姻、教育的主导权,一夫一妻、一男一女的婚姻、基督徒对孩子的教育权,这些都是神圣庄严的,也是圣经明确赋予基督徒的权利,每一个基督徒都必须以生命去捍卫,这些是绝对不能旁落的权利。其次为了每个基督徒的利益,也为了美国社会的稳定繁荣,基督教会同样必须取得,慈善福利、医疗事业的控制管理权,并且为了降低法律费用,建造一个真正公平公正的社会,力争司法权,建立基督教会的法律调解室,调解基督徒之间的经济纠纷等小案件,这也是极为可行的近期目标。通过这些也就可以完全限制,美国政府的权力,形成一种大社会、小政府的治理格局,尽量实现人人平等,使人类没有剥削,没有压迫,自由自在、幸福快乐地生活着,向人类的终极目标靠近
年轻时痴迷于武侠小说,有一个武侠梦,跟着师傅,带着小师妹,行走江湖,浪迹天涯,看尽人生百态,笑纳人间风云,在师傅的呵斥,小师妹的嗔骂中渡过一天又一天。不过再怎样洒脱不羁也要生活,除了卖艺外武侠没有其他谋生手段,于是在繁华热闹的场所,总看到我们卖艺的身影。每次卖艺后最常说的一句话是,“各位大哥,大姐,有钱的捧个钱场,没钱的捧个人场”。钱场就是现在的打赏,人场就是转发。只是如今已是油腻的中年大叔,梦想虽在,但再也无法实现,只能寄托在网络上。于是文章就是我的武功,公众号平台就是卖艺场,每发一篇文章就是一次卖艺,每次卖完艺后都非常希望得到大家的打赏与转发,所以在这里向大家拱拱手说,“有钱的捧个钱场,没钱的捧个人场”。也许人生本是个轮回,在这里我也实现了前世卑微而又有点意思的武侠人生。
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How can we unite the various new sects? According to human experience, there is only one way to unite the scattered Protestant sects, resisting the common enemy, the US government. Just like in the Bible, only an invasion of foreign enemies can spark the birth of a civil chief uniting people to defeat the invaders. The United States government, the common enemy of all Protestant sects, has constantly infringed on the traditional fields and rights of the church. And only fighting against this common enemy can reunite all Protestant sects. And we must be united, must produce cohesive influential leaders to form an organization and a power center against the United States government. Let’s call it the Protestant Union for the moment. Through this Protestant Union and the fighting against the common enemy of the US government, the scattered brotherly love and brotherhood will be reconstituted, so the Protestant church can unite and unite forever. The US government will always exist, so the struggle between the Protestant church and the US government will also exist forever. Only in front of the common enemy can we try to reduce the disputes and quarrels between us, reach a consensus as far as possible, have a quiet and peaceful life as far as possible, and make the society better as far as possible.
At the same time, the Protestant Union should not discuss the doctrines. The discussion of doctrines will never form a consensus and only cause division. In this world, humans’ understanding of the Bible can only be described as blind people guessing the elephant. Because of original sin and deformity, humans can not fully understand the Bible; just like blind people touching the elephant, we can only understand parts of the Bible. Therefore, the Protestant Union should prohibit the discussion of doctrines. Its purpose should be clear, that is, to fight the government to the end, regain the rights originally belonging to the church, and limit the functions of the American government to the minimum. It is not only for the Protestant church but also for American society’s long-term stability and prosperity. The Protestant Union can organize various long-term activities to safeguard the authority of the Constitution and religious freedom through various academic seminars, legal channels, legal assemblies, processions, sermons, speeches, etc. The main basis for the struggle is to interpret the Constitution with historical facts and defend the religious freedom granted by the first amendment of the Constitution, objecting to the current general interpretation of the Constitution in empty and abstract rationality, which is actually fabricating and forging the Constitution. The Constitution is based on historical facts, so it must be interpreted with historical facts; it is a very rational and persuasive method. I believe that after a long period of struggle, we can get the support of most Americans.
In the specific targets, the Protestant union must, in any case, regain the power to supervise the American government, which guarantees the rights of the Christian Church. At the same time, it must obtain the dominating power of marriage and education, monogamy, the marriage of a man and a woman, and Christians’ right to educate their children. All these are sacred and solemn; It is also the rights the Bible gives to Christians clearly. Every Christian must defend them with his life. These are rights that can never be ignored. Secondly, on behalf of every Christian and for the stability and prosperity of American society, the Christian Church must also obtain the control and management of charitable welfare and medical services. And to reduce legal costs, build a really fair and just society, struggle for judicial power, establish a legal mediation room of the Christian Church, and mediate small cases such as economic disputes among Christians. This is also a very feasible short-term goal. Through these, we can completely limit the power of the American government, form a governance pattern of big society and small government, and try our best to realize equality for all, so that human beings can live freely and happily without exploitation and oppression and approach the ultimate goal of human beings
So people are eager to return to a quiet life under authority. For these, Fromm points out deeply in escape freedom that people escape freedom because they are tired of freedom, and people feel that the benefits of freedom to life are less than the accompanying annoyance. This also explains why Catholicism is thriving in the United States today, which provides people with an authority, a peaceful way of life, which is exactly what no Protestant faction has. The Catholic Church still insists on the theory of “the Pope” and many people may not understand it. But it does maintain the authority of the Pope and the peace of the Catholic world. Of course, I personally think that Pope metaphor is extremely absurd, but people have to choose this kind of absurd, which can only be said to be an extremely helpless behavior, because in the hundreds of years of practice of Protestantism after Luther, people have been unable to find peace and peace in the new church. Why is that? Because according to the Protestant doctrine, there is no hierarchy of cardinal, archbishop and bishop, and there is no power center like Pope, which is really difficult to form authority. Moreover, it is inevitable that the new religion can be divided indefinitely due to the encouragement of freedom of thought and freedom of conscience, which inevitably leads to different understanding of the Bible, and disputes in various doctrines and organizations. It is indeed a sad conclusion, but these are already facts, and no one can avoid it. We can only face the overcoming and never let the Christian world unify in the Catholic and Pope hierarchy. With my personal understanding of the Bible, I do not think deeply about the Catholic hierarchy, nor agree with the world of Christianity. There is a supreme authority – Pope, any so-called supreme authority is dangerous, because no matter who is greedy and degenerated, giving the highest authority to all people will put the world in great danger. I think the idea of Protestantism independence, freedom and equality is the essence of human beings and the ultimate direction of mankind.
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