为什么市场经济中上帝的手是绝对伟大的，没有它，也就没有市场经济，人类社会。 （中英文版）

我们在第二章中，通过对人类道德哲学的大量梳理，知道在世俗社会里由于人类的私心、贪婪堕落，自然情况下人类是无法维持道德水准的，最后的结局必然是道德崩溃，社会大乱，所以世俗社会里，一定要有法律法规及最低的道德标准，并且存在强制执行的警察、军队等暴力机构，通过强制手段来维持社会的稳定与秩序。不过我们在精神领域内却是另外一回事，此时绝对不能使用世俗社会的手段，不能使用为抑制人性恶而制定的法律法规，并且强制执行，在精神领域内必须要承认人性是善的，人类可以成为道德高尚的圣人，通过信仰，通过上帝在人类良心中的作业，使人类自觉自愿地行善，如果不承认人性的善，不承认上帝在人类良心中可以成功作业，在精神领域内依仗强制手段，那就是中世纪天主教会的精神压迫了，世俗与精神领域内的事务完全不同，千万不能混淆在一起。这些都证明了，圣经中对人性二重性的定义是极其深刻、完全正确的，同时根据这种二重性而将人类社会划分成，精神与物质、宗教与政治二重的作法，也无比正确，运作起来与其他类型社会相比，很轻易就显出优势，放眼当今世界可以发现，最发达的国家，美国、德国、英国、北欧，都是基督教国家，它们的社会就是通过“凯撤的归凯撤，上帝的归上帝。”宗教与世俗分开的政教分离的原则来运作的。

我们就对人性二重性在经济生活中的影响，再简略地说几句，我们知道，单纯通过上帝之手调节的经济叫做市场经济，由于资本家人性的贪婪，很可能造成生产过剩的经济危机，美国大萧条就是生产过剩的危机。美国在大萧条之前遵行的是完全市场经济的原则，政府完全不干预经济，胡佛总统又是这一原则的坚定支持者，面对经济危机仍然采取不干预政策，使经济危机愈演愈烈。接任的罗斯福总统面对危机，奉行凯恩斯的经济理论，打破政府不干预市场的铁律，大胆改革，通过修建公路，限制生产等政府干预经济的手段，使美国迅速摆脱危机。这实际上是通过政府强行对财富进行二次分配抑制资本家的贪婪，使社会走上正轨，但是罗斯福干预政策的持续执行又走向另一个极端，当时奉行凯恩斯主义的美国、英国都越来越趋向某某主义，不过此时不是资本家的贪婪，而是工人的贪婪使社会走向另一个极端。我们看到当时英美许多国有企业工人，同样出工不出力、效率低下、浪费严重，于是催生了里根经济学、重回自由主义，及铁娘子撒切尔夫人的裁减国有企业的私有化改革。我个人认为政府干预也是上帝之手的一部分，通过它的调节，确实可以抑制资本家的人性贪婪，但是政府的干预又不能太过，太过的话又会激发普通人的人性贪婪，例如当今的欧洲社会，许多人通过高福利就可以很好的生活，那么谁又会想去工作呢？政府干预应该尽可能地少，尽量通过社会上其他竞争的机构干预经济，实现财富的二次分配。例如，充分利用不同基督教派慈善机构之间竞争的良性作用，社会福利等许多财富二次分配的手段，可以通过它们实施而不是政府，也就是说尽量减少政府的权力，形成一种大社会、小政府的治理模式，这也是许多人心目中最理想的社会。在世俗社会中任何时候人性是恶的、贪婪堕落的，任何时候都必须让竞争存在，社会福利由不同教派的慈善机构竞争执行，绝对比单独垄断的政府执行更可靠，我们接下去还会论述到，政府也是由贪婪堕落的个人组成的，它同样是贪婪堕落的，如果不加以制约的话将把整个社会都吞噬。

In the second chapter, through much combing of human moral philosophy, we know that in the secular society, humans can not maintain the moral standard under natural circumstances due to human selfishness, greed, and degeneration, and the final outcome must be moral collapse and social chaos. Therefore, there must be laws and regulations and minimum moral standards in the secular society, and there must be police, the military, and other violent institutions to maintain social stability and order through coercive means. However, in the spiritual field, there are other things. At this time, we must not use the means of secular society and the laws and regulations to suppress the evil of human nature or enforce them. In the spiritual field, we must recognize that human nature is good. Humans can become saints with noble morality through faith and God’s operation in human conscience, making humans do good voluntarily. If they do not recognize the goodness of human nature, do not recognize that God can work successfully in human conscience, and rely on coercive means in the spiritual field, it is the spiritual oppression of the Catholic Church in the middle ages. The affairs in the secular and spiritual fields are completely different and must not be confused. All these prove that the definition of the duality of human nature in the Bible is highly profound and entirely correct. At the same time, it is proper to divide human society into spiritual and material, religious and political, according to this duality. Compared with other types of societies, the duality can easily show its advantages. Looking at the world today, we can find that the most developed countries, the United States, Germany, Britain, and Northern Europe, are all Christian countries. Their society operates through the separation of religion and state based on the duality of human nature.

Let’s briefly discuss the impact of human nature’s duality on economic life. We know that an economy regulated by the hand of God is called a market economy. Due to the greed of capitalists’ human nature, the market economy is likely to cause an economic crisis of overproduction. The great depression in the United States was a crisis of overproduction. Before the great depression, the United States followed the principle of a complete market economy, and the government did not intervene in the economy at all. President Hoover supported this principle firmly; he still adopted the policy of non-intervention in the great depression, which intensified the economic crisis. In the face of the crisis, President Roosevelt, who took over as president, pursued Keynesian economic theory, broke the iron law that the government did not intervene in the market, and boldly reformed. He quickly extricated the United States from the crisis by employing government intervention in the economy, such as building roads and limiting production. In fact, it is that the government forced the secondary distribution of wealth to curb the greed of capitalists and put society on the right track. However, the continuous implementation of Roosevelt’s intervention policy went to another extreme. At that time, the Keynesian United States and Britain were more and more inclined toward socialism. However, it was not the greed of capitalists at this time; it was the greed of workers that drove society to the other extreme. We can see that many workers in state-owned enterprises in Britain and the United States also lied down on the job, which was inefficient, and was wasted seriously. It gave birth to Reagan economics, returning to liberalism, and the privatization reform of reducing state-owned enterprises by Mrs. Thatcher, the iron lady. Personally, I think government intervention is also part of the hand of God. Its regulation can bridle the human greed of capitalists, but government intervention can not go too far. If it goes too much, it will stimulate the human greed of ordinary people. For example, in today’s European society, many people can live a good life through high welfare, so who wants to work? Government intervention should be as little as possible and try to intervene in the economy through other competitive institutions in society to realize the secondary distribution of wealth. For example, we can make full use of the benign competition between different Christian charities. Social welfare and many other secondary distributions of wealth can be implemented by them rather than the government. That is, to minimize the power of the government and form a governance model of large society and small government, which is also the ideal society in the eyes of many people. In the secular society, human nature is evil, greedy, and degenerate at any time, and competition must exist at all times. Social welfare is distributed by charities of different sects, which is absolutely more reliable than the implementation by a single monopoly government. We will discuss that the government is also composed of greedy and degenerate individuals, which is also greedy and degenerate; if not restricted, it will devour the whole society.